When the environment changes dramatically, animals from mollusks to crows can make big changes in their behavior that enable ...

Due to advancements in genetic engineering, small animal models are continuing to change in response to market needs. Model developers strive to better reflect the role of this important asset in both ...

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and world. Our ...

The FDA is eliminating “unnecessary testing” on animals, according to Commissioner Marty Makary. He joined “Katie Pavlich ...

The FDA has released draft guidance that aims to clear up how drug developers can use alternative testing – but that doesn’t ...

A recent op-ed in The Hill praising the National Institutes of Health’s new initiative to promote human-based technologies as a “major victory for animal ethics in science” oversimplifies a far more ...

Tardigrades are eight-legged, translucent, microscopic animals. They crawl within dirt, moss, and lichen, and also live in the world’s harshest regions such as mountaintops, the deep sea, and the ...

Suggested Citation: "5 In Vitro Alternatives to Animal Models." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Advancing Disease Modeling in Animal-Based Research in Support of ...