The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic intestinal disorders that are typically categorized as one of two subtypes: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. 1 Ulcerative colitis is limited ...

Cellular death within the infarcted core occurs rapidly due to energy depletion, resulting in the release of DAMPs such as HMGB1, ATP, and HSPs. These DAMPs engage pattern recognition receptors, ...

Infections that do not go away or abnormal immune responses may cause chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation can lead to diseases like asthma, heart disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Avoiding ...