Several bacteria from the Clostridium genus produce botulinum neurotoxins—the most potent biological toxins known—that cause botulism by blocking neurotransmitter release from nerves. Typically, the ...

Purpose: To study the effect of injecting botulinum toxin into the region of Riolan's muscle in three conditions, namely the typical form of essential blepharospasm, the palpebral form of essential ...

COSMETIC botulinum toxin type A may trigger serum sickness, widening concern about delayed systemic hypersensitivity ...

A growing body of evidence supports the effectiveness of botulinum toxin injections in reducing the frequency of chronic migraine headaches, concludes an updated review and analysis. A growing body of ...

Two research groups have designed chimeric fusion proteins that constitute a new “trojan horse” approach to neutralize lethal botulinum toxins. Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs)—a family of bacterial ...

A harmful and often deadly substance made by bacteria, a bacterial toxin manipulates host cell functions and disrupts vital cell processes in a living organism. Bacterial toxins hit host organisms ...

The use of toxin botulinum-A is one of the most rapidly growing areas in cosmetic dermatology. There is always news about this incredible substance. There are new indications, new techniques, and new ...

CHICAGO, IL—The use of botulinum toxin type A in patients undergoing cardiac surgery does not seem to reduce the rate of postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) overall, according to the phase II NOVA ...

SAN DIEGO — The potential adverse effects of botulinum toxin and fillers aren’t just clinical, a dermatologist warned colleagues. Physicians are at risk of legal consequences if they aren’t careful ...