A 39 year-old man developed low back pain radiating down the right leg associated with numbness of the lateral foot. Examination showed an absent right ankle reflex, weakness of right knee and ankle ...

A 33 year-old man developed severe low back pain radiating down the left leg. Examination showed an absent left ankle reflex and loss of sensation over the left lateral foot and posterior lateral leg.

The human spine is an engineering marvel made up of vertebrae separated by flexible cushions known as intervertebral discs. Each disc contains a soft, gel-like centre called the nucleus pulposus, ...

Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), also referred to as a herniated disc, is a common spine pathology that occurs approximately 95% of the time at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 level (Fisher et al., 2004; Asch et ...

back-herniated disc(herniated disc at L4-5); lumbar(herniated disc at L4-5) back-herniated disc(herniated disc at L5-S1); lumbar(herniated disc at L5-S1) ...