Chiari malformation type I (CMI) is a congenital neurological disorder characterized by the herniation of cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum, leading to impaired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts are implantable devices inserted by neurosurgeons to treat hydrocephalus. Shunt insertion and revision are the operations most commonly performed by pediatric ...