Understanding and ultimately predicting the Earth’s climate system is one of the grand challenges of the 21st century.Ê As scientists delve deeper into its complexity, mysteries continue to arise at a ...

WASHINGTON — To explore the complex interactions between the natural world and society and enhance our understanding of Earth’s systems — the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, ...

In a white paper published by a multidisciplinary team of top scientists in China, Earth system is defined to encompass both internal and external geospheres from solid Earth system through surface ...

Tipping elements of the Earth system should be considered global commons, researchers argue. Global commons cannot -- as they currently do -- only include the parts of the planet outside of national ...

Climate change and associated impacts (e.g., sustained droughts, repeated and severe flooding, increased frequency and intensity of hurricanes and cyclones, saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers, ...