Algebraic structures are fundamental mathematical entities defined by sets equipped with operations that satisfy specific axioms, such as groups, rings, and fields. Function spaces, by contrast, are ...

Researchers have developed synthetic genes that function like the genes in living cells. The artificial genes can build intracellular structures through a cascading sequence that builds ...

I will describe recent advances in computational protein design which allow the generation of new protein structures and functions. I will describe the use of these methods to design ultra-stable ...

In the past two columns, we’ve looked at higher-order functions and talked a little bit about the power of functional programming. So far, the concepts we’ve covered do little to indicate how powerful ...