Using mechanical pruning like above can save between 60% to 80% of labor operation costs per acre compared to manual pruning alone. (Hector Amezcua/UC Davis) Wine grape growers in California and ...

Seedlessness is an economically valuable trait, with over 85% of cultivated seedless grapes belonging to the pseudo-parthenocarpic type, where embryo growth aborts mid-development. Embryo rescue ...