The blast furnace remains the cornerstone of high‐volume ironmaking, utilising complex thermal and chemical reactions to reduce iron oxides into molten iron. Contemporary operations place increasing ...

Massachusetts Institute of Technology engineers have demonstrated a more eco-friendly way to make iron. The method eliminates greenhouse gases typical of conventional iron production methods says team ...

Research from Cranfield University sheds new light onto the transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age, showing how experimentation with iron-rich rocks by copper smelters may have sparked the ...

The Han Dynasty Iron-smelting Relics Park in Nanyang, Henan province, completed landscape reconstruction and opened to the public on June 26. The park demonstrated the historical landscapes of the Han ...

We are at a critical time and supporting climate journalism is more important than ever. Science News and our parent organization, the Society for Science, need your help to strengthen environmental ...

Buried deep in the south Georgia rolling hills, a tiny archaeological site has been rewriting history. Uncovered in the late 1950s, the Kvemo Bolnisi workshop was considered to be one of the ...

Copper smelters from 3,000 years ago may have experimented with materials just enough to launch the Iron Age. The Bronze Age gave way to the Iron Age as the refining process of iron was discovered.

In order to evaluate the degree of arsenic (As) exposure and the factors influencing urinary As excretion and metabolism, 192 workers from a steel and iron smelting plant, with different type of work ...