Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a complex congenital condition predominantly characterised by unilateral underdevelopment of the facial skeleton, particularly the mandible, often accompanied by ...

Robin sequence is characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis, and often cleft palate, leading to airway obstruction and feeding challenges. Treatment strategies vary widely, ranging from conservative ...

3D Facial Landmark Mapping and Jaw Measurement in Infants. a Anthropometric landmarks and lines as used in the 3D images; b Digital jaw index (JI); c Digital A’-point nasion B’-point angle (ANB’) in a ...