Transfinite set theory encompasses the rigorous study of infinite hierarchies, particularly those structured by ordinals and cardinals. This field has been instrumental in deepening our comprehension ...

This course is available on the MSc in Economics and Philosophy, MSc in Philosophy of Science and MSc in Philosophy of the Social Sciences. This course is available as an outside option to students on ...

This course is available on the BSc in Philosophy and Economics, BSc in Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method and BSc in Politics and Philosophy. This course is available with permission as an ...

Modal logic, an extension of classical logic, investigates the modes of truth such as necessity and possibility. Its development has been closely intertwined with advances in proof theory, a field ...

Then in the early 20th century, Jan Lukasiewicz proposed a three-valued logic (true, possible, false), which never gained wide acceptance. In 1965, Lotfi A. Zadeh of the University of California at ...

The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine. All of modern mathematics is built on the foundation of set theory, the study of how to organize abstract collections of objects. But in ...