a1, Polarization and intensity distributions in each diffraction order with Gaussian beam incident, respectively. a2, Polarization and intensity distributions in each diffraction order with ...

The focus of a scalar vortex beam results into a transverse-axial polarization vector texture around the phase singularity, mapped from Gauss-Stokes Poincaré sphere, and forming a skyrmion. In ...

Spiral scanning creates six distinguishable polarization patterns in ferroelectric films, enabling data storage beyond binary and more than doubling information density per storage element. (Nanowerk ...