a1, Polarization and intensity distributions in each diffraction order with Gaussian beam incident, respectively. a2, Polarization and intensity distributions in each diffraction order with ...

Cylindrical vector beam (CVB) multiplexing has emerged as a powerful technique to boost signal channels. Coupling and separating CVBs are two pivotal elements in CVB multiplexing communication.

The focus of a scalar vortex beam results into a transverse-axial polarization vector texture around the phase singularity, mapped from Gauss-Stokes Poincaré sphere, and forming a skyrmion. In ...

Spiral scanning creates six distinguishable polarization patterns in ferroelectric films, enabling data storage beyond binary and more than doubling information density per storage element. (Nanowerk ...