Proximate analysis is a long-serving, widely used approach for determining the rank of coals. This method works by separating out inert components, volatile components and fixed carbon. The quality of ...

Coal remains one of the most significant fossil fuels in the global energy and industrial sectors. For instance, in 2018, worldwide production of hard coal reached approximately 7 billion metric tons.

Proximate analysis refers to the quantitative analysis of macromolecules in food. A combination of different techniques, such as extraction, Kjeldahl, NIR are used to determine protein, fat, moisture, ...