The particles that are in an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons The particles that are in protons and neutrons: quarks The four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and ...

Magnetic tweezers represent a robust tool for manipulating single molecules, offering the capability to apply and measure forces on individual biological macromolecules with high spatial and temporal ...

For more than half a century, particle physicists have theorized the existence of a “glueball,” a particle made entirely of gluons. While the past few decades have produced some compelling candidates, ...

Researchers may be on the brink of discovering evidence of a fifth fundamental force. As far as we know, at the most basic level, the universe is made up of fundamental particles and controlled by ...