Understand the network diagram for VNA measurement error terms. What are the effects of various residual errors on the outcome of the measurement? Learn the only ...

The real world of electronic measurements is not a nice place. Noise, interference, and unexplained offsets wreak havoc with you data acquisition. Take for example the measurement of an ultrasonic ...

You normally use TDR (time-domain reflectometry) to measure impedance change along a signal path (Reference 1). It is also a valuable tool for measuring propagation delays. The TDR technique is ...

Wireless communications products that depend on RF principles are everywhere these days, and the growth rate is astonishing. From cell phones and wireless PDAs to Wi-Fi-enabled laptops, Bluetooth ...

Physicists in the US have observed an effect known as time reflection in an electromagnetic wave for the first time. They detected the phenomenon – the temporal counterpart of familiar spatial ...