Medically reviewed by Jennifer Steinhoff, MD Key Takeaways The thoracic spine is made up of 12 bones that attach to your ribs and support your rib cage.Excessive curvature in the thoracic spine, ...

Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) techniques were developed to address morbidities associated with open spinal surgery approaches. MISS was initially applied for indications such as the ...

What is the anatomy of the spinal cord? The human spinal cord is a cylindrical structure of nerve tissue that is protected by the spinal column and composed of uniformly organized white and grey ...

The section of spinal neurosurgery at the University of Alabama at Birmingham is a well-established and expanding service of the Department of Neurosurgery under Chair, James M. Markert, M.D. Led by ...

American football has a proud place in professional and collegiate sports, not to mention in hometown culture. Lately, the focus in football has been on concussions and chronic traumatic ...

Injury to the spinal cord triggers a cascade of biological events that unfold within seconds and that proceed for months or even years. The events affect three major bodily systems: the nervous system ...

Spinal stenosis refers to narrowing of the vertebral or spinal canal which encloses the spinal cord and spinal nerves. It may result in compression of these nerves leading to pain, numbness, tingling ...

Analysis of a 3.3 million-year-old fossil skeleton reveals the most complete spinal column of any early human relative, including vertebrae, neck and rib cage. The findings indicate that portions of ...