Type 2 diabetes alters the behavior of discs in the vertebral column, making them stiffer, and also causes the discs to change shape earlier than normal. As a result, the disc's ability to withstand ...

Spine surgery is a broad field encompassing various procedures that help address different spinal conditions. There are various types of spine surgery, including artificial disk replacement and spinal ...

Medically reviewed by Jennifer Steinhoff, MD Key Takeaways The thoracic spine is made up of 12 bones that attach to your ribs and support your rib cage.Excessive curvature in the thoracic spine, ...