Issuing body: international welding societies/schemes (e.g., Certified Welding Inspector; CSWIP 3.1/3.2). Validity: 3–5 years depending on scheme. Prerequisites: high school diploma; experience or ...

Oversight of welding quality and compliance from fit-up to final acceptance across pipelines, process piping, pressure equipment, and structural supports, ensuring conformance with approved WPS/PQR, ...