Abstract: In this paper, we propose three modular multiplication algorithms that use only the IEEE 754 binary floating-point operations. Several previous studies have used floating-point operations to ...

A React + TypeScript toolkit of calculators for modular number theory and common cryptography tasks. Made for convenience and for reinforcing concepts from a Master’s cryptography course.

Abstract: Modular multiplication is a vital operation in the Number Theoretic Transform (NTT), significantly enhancing polynomial multiplication in Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC). The design ...

* @file pka/modular_exponentiation_crt/application/rsa_2048/ciphertext.c * @brief This file reflect the content of ciphertext.bin. * It has been created using xxd ...

Any base to the power of zero equals 1 and any base to the power of one is the base itself. Look at these guides on the laws of indices and powers to support your confidence in this topic. Laws of ...