Detecting code clones remains challenging, particularly for Type-II clones, with modified identifiers, and Type-III ST and MT clones, where up to 30% and 50% of code, respectively, are added or ...

The design and construction of large synthetic genes can be a slow, difficult, and confusing process, especially in the key step of oligodeoxynucleotide design. Herein we present an integrated ...

In the classical substring search problem, we are given a string S and a pattern P and are to report whether or not the pattern P occurs in the string S. For example, the pattern P = cat appears ...

Complicated systems, for example, biological networks, telecommunication networks, and electrical circuits are described with graphs for mathematical manipulation. Smallest set of smallest ring (SSSR) ...