Abstract: This article presents a novel constellation modeling method for fast and accurate calibration of beamforming integrated circuits (BFICs) and radio frequency (RF) chains in large-scale phased ...

Abstract: A novel and accuracy phased array calibration method is presented in this paper. The method improves the rotating-element electric-field vector (REV) method, where the phase of each element ...

Integrating livestock grazing with photovoltaic (PV) systems offers a promising strategy to enhance both agricultural and energy outputs from the same land. However, limited information is available ...

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