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Reverse Osmosis Membrane A reverse osmosis (RO) membrane is a semi-permeable barrier used in water purification systems to remove dissolved salts, minerals, and other impurities from water. It functions by allowing only water molecules to pass through while rejecting contaminants based on size and molecular charge. The process operates under high pressure, forcing water through the membrane from a concentrated solution to a less concentrated one, effectively reversing the natural osmotic flow. R